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As related to the reading process, metacognition can be defined as contemplation concerning one's own thinking processes or knowledge of one's own thinking processes. Reading fluency and comprehension is a major problem for students today. Age and experience influence proficiency in metacognitive learning. As is obvious, the earlier and more frequently an individual practices metacognition in reading the more proficient he or she will become. Therefore, the earlier a child begins to practice this process, the easier reading and learning will be. Good metacognition will serve a student well through the years of academic learning. Metacognition is a higher functioning or executive skill and a derivative of cognitive skills brought to bear or impacting a reading task.
This process includes: 
(a) understanding the instructions associated with the reading task or the purpose for reading. In addition, 
(b) the type of reading material and would include all categories of text, reading books, ...

"You cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself." Galileo Galilei
Mass media forms thrive today. As development show itself scientifically, students experience various media forms through technologies. These flourishing materials shouldn't be ignored; it is the role of ESL teachers to keep abreast with the present day coinciding language instructions to mass media forms as springboards of originally planned language tasks in attuning the interests of students that the real- world situation is constantly exposing them. There exist a one- to- one correspondence between technology and the mass media. As technology rises, mass media develops several forms that can be activated as operative materials in intellectually influencing interested individuals. To be able to discover these materials' educational potentials, teachers need to discover the essence of media literacy by evaluating their viability, themselves.
Environmental changes influence learners ...

~~The first class with new learners can be an anxious one for all concerned – teacher as well as learners. Below are some tips to make that first class go smoothly.
 Lesson Plan: in any ‘first lesson’ it is vital to interact and motivate the learners so they will want to come back again. Thus it is essential to create a positive, supportive and challenging environment. This mean encouraging the learners to work together and raise their awareness of the course as well as using their names and finding ways of making the language/material relevant to them and their lives.
 Lesson Aims:
- Get to know you activities: these allow the learners to find out information about each other and fosters a supportive and interesting environment. For example, personalized board games, questionnaires, interviews, Find someone who… etc. Activities that are learner generated work very well for example have the learners write facts about themselves on strips of paper which are then redistributed and ...

10 Amazing Hacks for English Learners
It is estimated that there are over a billion English speakers in the world, including native speakers, people for whom English is a secondary official language and those who speak English as a foreign language. These days, it is considered to be a lingua franca whether we talk about business, tourism or popular culture. It is self-understood that a successful person can communicate in English and does it fluently.
Tips for Mastering the Language
We will share our pieces of advice on how to learn English and get the desired results.
Get a private tutor, preferably a native speaker. With the Internet, you can find one online easily. You can even hire a tutor. Be that English, Spanish or even Japanese tutor, you can find one in no time at all thanks to tutoring platforms available out there.
Practice daily. Even if you can find only 30 minutes a day for your practice, that totals up to over 180 hours per year. And that is enough to reach a new ...

Education Today, December 2013
Building Reading and Writing Knowledge with Very Young Children at Home
 Timothy G. Weih
University of Northern Iowa, USA
 With the ever increasing use of technology being used for reading and writing by families at home, there is a rising concern that very young children may not be developing the necessary early skills that will eventual lead them to be capable and effective readers and writers. Young children learn how the world works around them by physically exploring objects using all of their senses. This hands-on learning later leads to understanding more abstract ideas and things. For very young children, technology, for the most part, is abstract, and to use it involves motor capabilities that may be beyond their current abilities. For example, think of a toddler leaning about books by smelling, tasting, and physically turning the pages. He is learning the physical, concrete ideas about what a book is, how it works, and he can do this ...

This article covers teaching how to say and write words, i.e., phonics and spelling, to intermediate grade, elementary students (4-6) within a content literacy program, meaning a program that includes instruction in reading, writing (which includes spelling), listening, speaking (which includes oral reading and discussion), viewing, and presenting INFUSED into the subject areas of science, social studies, math, language arts, and literature.
Infusing Word Instruction into the Subject Areas
Intermediate grade, elementary teachers teach their students how to say key words, i.e., words that represent important concepts and ideas in the content subject areas, and how to write key words accurately, i.e., spell words, through content literacy strategy lesson plans aimed at saying and writing words.
These lesson plans are different than the ones aimed at learning vocabulary, which are more focused on learning word meanings, but that is not to say that the two cannot be taught in concert with ...

Learning a second language is always beneficial in numerous aspects and when it comes to learn English, it gives you plenty of functional benefits concerning your day to day life. Being a smooth and confident English communicator would help you out conversing with more and more people from the corners of the world, makes your way of thinking broader, and makes easy to get a good job. Apart from these, there are numerous other advantages of learning English and a few of them is mentioned below.
1) Better intellectual flexibility:
This indicates that people who know two or more languages can become accustomed themselves to an unexpected circumstance quicker than people who know single language because learning a second language builds up new concepts of their mind and boosts their skill to focus and process information.
2) Perk up memory and makes you a more cognizant thinker:
Once you become aware new words or sentence structures, you have to keep them in mind and implement them, an ...

~~Cube Toss: In pairs learners are given a basic die template and asked to write their favourite: sport, movie, singer, food, drink, etc. Once their die has been constructed give each pair a standard die. Learners take it in turns to roll their die to decide the topic of conversation while their partner rolls the standard die to determine the number of questions they have to ask (e.g. if they roll a 3, they ask 3 questions). Learners take turn asking each other questions.
Word Halves: Choose some vocabulary to review. Write it out on bits of paper. Cut up the word into two halves and have learners match the word halves. Alternatively, these can be written on the board, drawn as accompanying pictures, and extended by getting them to make their own word halves.
Anagrams: Choose vocabulary to review and jumble up the letter order and in pairs learners race to spell the words correctly.
Sentence Order Games: Choose a suitable dialogue. Write each sentence of the dialogue on a separate ...

~~Learning a language involves learning new words. The more words you know the more you will understand and the better you will be able to communicate.
It is said that in order to “get by” in a foreign language you need a vocabulary of at least 120 words.
 Read: The more words you are exposed to the better vocabulary you will have. When you read and see words you don’t know first try to guess the meaning from the sentence/story and then look the word up. Read and listen to things you are interested in. There are lots of graded/guided readers available and even manga/comics.
 Play with words: Do puzzles, crosswords, play scrabble etc. Many of these are available online.
 Themes: Focus on a single theme per week, the mind naturally links connected words together.
 Use context: Research shows that the vast majority of words are learned from context. Pay attention to how words are used, the sentences etc.
 Review: When you learn new words recycle them (use them again and again) this ...

As teachers we often feel we are the driving force in the classroom. It’s our classroom and our students so it’s our responsibility to make sure they learn the language.  Maybe by sheer force of personality we can drive the language into our students’ heads. Teaching can sometimes be like an aerobic exercise, where we teach ourselves into a sweaty mess valiantly trying to force language into our students.
 
Ironically it may well be the case that the more we do in the classroom the less our learners understand. Doing too much in a classroom can be a distraction to the language itself, just because we are talking does that mean the students are learning? Although we all want our learners to be entertained, can we sometimes lose sight of the ultimate goal in our classrooms? Our classrooms should be about the language and the learners. Our role in the classroom should be to facilitate this as much as possible.
 
The adage ‘you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink’ ...